Oct 08, · Special Tips For A Winning Global Warming Essay For Students. In addition to having the best structure, and comprehensive research on global warming, here are other useful tips to help you craft a good essay. Use images to demonstrate various aspects of the global warming phenomenon. Use the latest trends to make your essay more impressive Research Proposal On Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay. This research paper explores the issue of global warming and the shifting attention that the skeptics are receiving in the recent past. This paper focuses on the global warming as defined by the scientists and the skeptic’s point of views in the debate topic of global warming, such as the economic, ethical, and social responsibilities which are involved. Global warming is a phenomenon which has been occurring over the past 15, years on Earth. It can be described as a struggle between human progress (in the form of industrialization, population increase, and economic growth) and nature. The process of
How To Write A Winning Essay On Global Warming
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Glaciers serve as early indicators of climate change. Over the last 35 years, our research team has recovered ice-core records of climatic and environmental variations from the polar regions and from low-latitude high-elevation ice fields from 16 countries.
The ongoing widespread melting of high-elevation glaciers and ice caps, particularly in low to middle latitudes, provides some of the strongest evidence to date that a large-scale, pervasive, and, in some cases, rapid change in Earth's climate system is underway. This paper highlights observations of 20th and 21st century glacier shrinkage in the Andes, the Himalayas, and on Mount A research paper on global warming. Ice cores retrieved from shrinking glaciers around the world confirm their continuous existence for periods ranging from hundreds of years to multiple millennia, suggesting that climatological conditions that dominate those regions today are different from those under which these ice fields originally accumulated and have been sustained.
The current warming is therefore unusual when viewed from the millennial perspective provided by multiple lines of proxy a research paper on global warming and the year record of direct temperature measurements.
Despite all this evidence, plus the well-documented continual increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, societies have taken little action to address this global-scale problem. Hence, the rate of global carbon dioxide emissions continues to accelerate. As a result of our inaction, a research paper on global warming, we have three options: mitigation, adaptation, and suffering.
Climatologists, like other scientists, tend to be a stolid group. We are not given to theatrical rantings about falling skies. Most of us are far more comfortable in our laboratories or gathering data in the field than we are giving interviews to journalists or speaking before Congressional committees. Why then are climatologists speaking out about the dangers of global warming? That bold statement may seem like hyperbole, but there is now a very clear pattern in the a research paper on global warming evidence documenting that the earth is warming, that warming is due largely to human activity, that warming is causing important changes in climate, and that rapid and potentially catastrophic changes in the near future are very possible.
This pattern emerges not, as is so often suggested, simply from computer simulations, but from the weight and balance of the empirical evidence as well. Although the various curves differ from one another, their general shapes are similar.
Each data source shows that average a research paper on global warming hemisphere temperatures remained relatively stable until the late 20th century. It is the agreement of these diverse data sets and the pattern that make climatologists confident that the warming trend is real.
A variety of temperature records over the last 1, years, based on a variety of proxy recorders such as tree rings, ice cores, historical records, instrumental data, etc. The range of temperature projected by Meehl et al.
Because these temperature numbers are based on northern hemisphere averages, they do not reflect regional, seasonal, and altitudinal variations. The most severe temperature increases appear to be concentrated in the Arctic and over the Antarctic Peninsula as well as within the interior of the large continents.
This variability complicates matters, and adds to the difficulty of convincing the public, and even scientists in other fields, that global warming is occurring. Because of this, it may be useful to examine another kind of evidence: melting ice.
Because glaciers are smaller and thinner than the polar ice sheets, their ratio of surface area to volume is much greater; thus, they respond more quickly to temperature changes. Consider the glaciers of Africa's Mount Kilimanjaro Figure 2. Figure 3 shows a series of aerial photographs of Furtwängler glacier, in the center of Kibo crater, taken between andwhen the glacier split into two sections.
As Furtwängler recedes, it is also thinning rapidly, from 9. Deterioration of the Furtwängler glacier in the center of Kibo crater on Mount Kilimanjaro.
Since the ice field has decreased in size and thickness and has divided in two. The Quelccaya ice cap, a research paper on global warming, which is located in southern Peru adjacent to the Amazon Basin, is the largest tropical ice field on Earth. Quelccaya has several outlet glaciers, glaciers that extend from the edges of an ice cap like fingers from a hand. The retreat of one of these, Qori Kalis, has been studied and photographed since At the beginning of this study, Qori Kalis extended 1, m out from the ice cap, and there was no melt water at the end Figure 4a research paper on global warming, map top left.
By the summer ofQori Kalis had retreated to the very edge of Quelccaya, leaving behind an acre lake, 60 m deep. Over the years, a boulder near the base camp has served as a benchmark against which to record the changes in the position of the edge of the ice. In the ice was actually pushing a research paper on global warming the boulder Figure 5topbut by a substantial gap had appeared and been filled by a lake Figure 5bottom.
Thus, the loss of Quelccaya's ice is not only on the Qori Kalis glacier but also on the margin of the ice cap itself. Retreat of the Qori Kalis outlet glacier on the Quelccaya ice cap. Each line shows a research paper on global warming extent of the ice. The photos along the bottom provide a pictorial history of the melting of the Qori Kalis outlet glacier and the formation of a lake.
The retreat of Qori Kalis is similar to the loss of several Peruvian glaciers, as shown in the graph insert. Top: photo taken in shows a margin of the Quelccaya ice cap pushing against a boulder. Bottom: the same margin is shown in a photo. The ice has receded and has been replaced by a small lake. The boulder shown in the top photo is located in the center of the white circle to the right. The Himalayan Mountains are home to more than 15, glaciers.
Unfortunately, a research paper on global warming, only a few of these glaciers have been monitored over an extended period, so reliable ground observations that are crucial for determining regional retreat rates do not yet exist. However, a recent study of an ice core from the Naimona'nyi glacier in the southwestern Himalayas Kehrwald et al. Glaciologists at the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research in Beijing have been monitoring glaciers across the High Asian region since Glacier National Park in Montana contained more than glaciers when it was established in The oldest glacier photos come from the Alps.
The pattern described here is repeated around the world. Mountain glaciers nearly everywhere are retreating. Satellite documentation of the area covered by sea ice in the Arctic Ocean extends back three decades. This area, measured each September, decreased at a rate of about 8.
In the Northwest Passage was ice free for the first time in recorded history. As noted earlier, polar ice sheets are slower to respond to temperature rise than the smaller mountain glaciers, but they, too, are melting. The Greenland ice sheet has also experienced dramatic ice melt in recent years. There has been an increase in both the number and the size of lakes in the southern part of the ice sheet, and crevices can serve as conduits called moulins that transport meltwater rapidly into the glacier.
Water has been observed flowing through these moulins down to the bottom of the ice sheet where it acts as a lubricant that speeds the flow of ice to the sea Das et al. The ice in Antarctica is also melting. The late John Mercer, a glacial geologist at The Ohio State University, long ago concluded that the first evidence of global warming due to increasing carbon dioxide CO 2 would be the breakup of the Antarctic ice shelves Mercer, Mean temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula have risen 2.
An ice shelf is essentially an iceberg attached to land ice. Just as an ice cube does not raise the water level in a glass when it melts, so a melting ice shelf leaves sea levels unchanged. But ice shelves serve as buttresses to glaciers on land, and when those ice shelves collapse it speeds the flow of the glaciers they were holding back into the ocean, which causes sea level to rise rapidly. Just days before this paper went to press, a giant ice island four times the size of Manhattan broke off the Petermann glacier in Greenland.
This event alone does not prove global climate change, because half of the ice loss from Greenland each year comes from icebergs calving from the margins. It is the fact that this event is part of a long-term trend of increasing rates of ice loss, coupled with the fact that temperature is increasing in this region at the rate of 2° C 3.
The loss of ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions is especially troubling because these are a research paper on global warming locations of a research paper on global warming largest ice sheets in the world. Should all this ice melt, sea level would rise over 64 m Church et al.
Although research shows some variability in the rate of ice loss, it is clear that mountain glaciers and polar ice sheets are melting, and there is no plausible explanation for this but global warming. Add to this the laboratory evidence and the meteorological measurements, and the case for global warming cannot be denied.
So what causes global temperatures to rise? Climatologists strive to reconstruct past climate variations on regional and global scales, but they also try to determine the mechanisms, called forcersthat drive climate change.
Climatologists recognize two basic categories of forcers. Natural forcers are recurring processes that have been around for millions of years; anthropogenic forcers are more recent processes caused by human activity.
One familiar natural forcer is the earth's orbit around the sun, which gives us our seasons. In the northern hemisphere, June is warm because the sun's rays fall more directly on it, and the sun appears high in the sky; in the southern hemisphere, June is cool because the sun's rays hit the earth at a deep angle, and the sun appears low in the sky.
Less obvious natural forcers include short- and long-term changes in the atmosphere a research paper on global warming ocean. For example, when Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines init spewed millions of tons of sulfuric gases and ash particles high into the atmosphere, blocking the sun's rays. This lowered global temperatures for the next few years. Another natural forcer is the linked oceanic and atmospheric system in the equatorial Pacific Ocean known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation ENSO.
ENSO occurs every 3 to 7 years in the tropical Pacific and brings warm, wet weather to some regions and cool, dry weather to other areas. Other natural forcers include periodic changes in energy from the sun.
These include the to year sunspot cycle and the to year Wolf-Gleissberg cycle, a modulation of the amplitude of the year solar cycle. These changes in climate, which are often cited by those who dismiss global warming as a normal, cyclical event, a research paper on global warming, affected large areas, but not the Earth as a whole.
The medieval climate anomaly showed warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but it fell well below recent levels globally Mann et al. The most powerful natural forcers are variations in the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, which last from 22, toyears. There is consensus among climatologists that the warming trend we have been experiencing for the past years or so cannot be accounted for by any of the known natural forcers, a research paper on global warming.
Sunspot cycles, for example, can increase the sun's output, raising temperatures in our atmosphere. We are seeing a temperature increase in the troposphere, the lower level of our atmosphere, and a temperature decrease in the stratosphere, the upper level. But this is the exact opposite of what we would get if increased solar energy were responsible. Similarly, global temperatures have increased more at night than during the day, again the opposite of what would occur if the sun were driving global warming.
In addition, temperatures have risen more in winter than in summer. This, too, is the opposite of what would be expected if the sun were responsible for the planet's warming.
Global Warming: Reasons, Outcomes, and How to Prevent It - Free Research Paper Sample
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Research Proposal On Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay. This research paper explores the issue of global warming and the shifting attention that the skeptics are receiving in the recent past. This paper focuses on the global warming as defined by the scientists and the skeptic’s point of views in the debate Global warming is the warming brought about by the increasing temperatures on the earth's atmosphere as a result of increasing greenhouse gasses (such as Carbon) that trap the escaping heat from the earth's surface and prevent it from escaping to the outer space/atmosphere. Despite the fact that greenhouse gases are necessary to support life, their excessive amounts in Oct 08, · Special Tips For A Winning Global Warming Essay For Students. In addition to having the best structure, and comprehensive research on global warming, here are other useful tips to help you craft a good essay. Use images to demonstrate various aspects of the global warming phenomenon. Use the latest trends to make your essay more impressive
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